TED Talk English Club 2023: Vol 6 on 13 & 20 April

You're welcome to click on the brown box below to read or download

the SUMMARY of 20 April on Yellow Submarine. 

You're welcome to click on the black box below to read or download

the SUMMARY of 13 April on plastic. 

CLUB Meeting on 20 April 2023 = Meeting 2 of Vol 6

TOPIC for 20 April 2023: What is good entertainment to you? Milline on üks hea meelelahutus?

Please click to LISTEN to the song 

LYRICS of the song 'Yellow Submarine' -- scroll down, please laulu sõnade nägemiseks keri palun allapoole

• 20 April QUESTION 1: Does (and if so then how) the song stand out? On see laul kuidagi eriline (kui jah, siis kuidas)?
• 20 April QUESTION 2: How do you make sense of the lyrics, especially the line 'We all live in a yellow submarine'? Do you find it entertaining or deeply philosophical? Millist sõnumit kannab see laul Sinu jaoks? On see lihtsalt üks lõbus (laste)lauluke või sügavmõtteline filosoofia?
• 20 April QUESTION 3: What makes you feel entertained? Is it a song, a film, a performance, ...? Any examples you can give? Any favourites you can describe? Kuidas lahutad meelt? Võid tuua mõne hea näite?

TOPIC for 13 April 2023: Plastic--to use or not to use it? That is the question.

VIDEO (TED-Ed, 2021, 5.33 min) click 'A brief history of plastic' 

SCRIPT of the video: Please scroll down to download or read it.

WORDS of the video on Quizlet: click the link (click automatic join link to access Quizlet)

• 13 April QUESTION 1: What did the history of plastic begin with? Millise probleemi lahendamisest sai alguse plasti(ku) tootmine?
  
• 13 April QUESTION 2: Do you think one day we could do without plastic again? Kuidas tundub, kas ühel päeval saame jälle ilma plastita hakkama, ilma plastita elatud?
  
• 13 April QUESTION 3: Any facts you (would like to) remember from the video (about plastic)? Kas sellest videost jäi mõni (uus) fakt meelde?

Time: 3 p.m. through 6 p.m. on 20 April 2023. NB! Please pick from: 3-3.30 .... /3.30-4 Heli.../ 4-4.30 .../4.30-5.00 ..Toomas../ 5.00-5.30 ..... /5.30-6 p.m Tiina .../ and please submit by the form above. 

LYRICS of the song 'Yellow Submarine' by the Beatles (1966)

LISTEN to it here (more INFO here and here)

In the town where I was born
Lived a man who sailed to sea [METAPH: did what?]
And he told us of his life
In the land of submarines
So we sailed on to the sun
'Til we found a sea of green [a sea of green = METAPH: US dollars?]
And we lived beneath allpool the waves
In our yellow submarine

CHORUS refrään:

We all live in a yellow submarine
Yellow submarine, yellow submarine
We all live in a yellow submarine
Yellow submarine, yellow submarine

And our friends are all aboard kõik sõbrad on siin koos (laeva pardal)
Many more of them live next door
And the band begins to play ja me võime koos laulda (justkui oma "elu refräänina")

CHORUS: We all live in a yellow submarine
Yellow submarine, yellow submarine
We all live in a yellow submarine
Yellow submarine, yellow submarine

Full steam ahead täiskäik edasi, Mister Boatswain, full steam ahead
Full steam ahead it is just nii, Sergeant
(Cut the cable, drop the cable)
Aye-aye, sir, aye-aye
Captain, captain

As we live a life of ease (a life of ease) elades head elu
Every one of us (every one of us)
Has all we need (has all we need)
Sky of blue (sky of blue)
And sea of green (sea of green) (NB! US dollar looks green]
In our yellow (in our yellow)
Submarine (submarine, aha)

CHORUS: We all live in a yellow submarine
A yellow submarine, yellow submarine
We all live in a yellow submarine

To download the SCRIPT of the VIDEO as pdf, 

please click  the black box below

SCRIPT of the VIDEO for 13 April 2023:

VOC on quizlet

VIDEO click here 

00:00 Today, plastics are everywhere. All of this plastic originated from sai alguse one small object—that isn't even made of plastic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billiard_ball).

0:17 For centuries, billiard balls were made of ivory from elephant tusks elevandikihvad ehk võhad. But when excessive liigsuur hunting caused elephant populations to decline tagajärjel hakkas elevantide arvukus vähenema in the 19th century, billiard balls makers began to look for alternatives, offering huge rewards pakkudes suurt (vaeva)tasu.

0:33 So in 1863 an American named John Wesley Hyatt took up the challenge võttis asja ette. Over the next five years, he invented a new material called celluloid, made from cellulose, a compound found in wood and straw keemiline ühend, mida leidub puidus ja õlgedes. Hyatt soon discovered celluloid couldn't solve the billiard ball problem––the material wasn't heavy enough ei olnud piisava raskusega/erikaaluga and didn't bounce põrkuma quite right.

0:59 But it could be tinted seda andis värvida and patterned sai mustreid sellele kanda to mimic more expensive materials like coral, tortoiseshell, amber, and mother-of-pearl. He had created what became known as the first plastic.

1:13 The word 'plastic' can describe any material made of polymers, which are just the large molecules consisting of the same repeating subunit. This includes all human-made plastics,

as well as aga samuti ka many of the materials found in living things.

1:28 But in general, when people refer to plastics kui räägitakse plastist, they're referring to synthetic materials jutt on kunstmaterjalidest. The unifying feature of these nende ühine tunnus is that they start out soft and malleable nad on oma algsel kujul pehmed ja vormitavad/sepistatavad and can be molded neid saab valada/vormida into a particular shape neile (materjalidele) saab anda mingi konkreetse kuju. Despite vaatamata sellele, et taking the prize as the first official plastic esimeseks plastmaterjaliks olemise kuulsusele vaatamata, celluloid was highly flammable ülikergesti süttiv, which made production risky.

1:50 So inventors began to hunt for alternatives hakati palavikuliselt otsima alternatiivseid/uusi materjale. In 1907 a chemist combined pani kokku phenol—a waste product of coal tar kivisöetõrva tootmisjääk fenool—and formaldehyde, creating a hardy tugev ja vastupidav new polymer called bakelite. Bakelite was much less flammable than celluloid and the raw materials used to make it were more readily available selle tootmiseks vajav tooraine oli paremini kättesaadav. Bakelite was only the beginning.

2:14 In the 1920s, researchers first commercially developed polystyrene, a spongy plastic used in insulation mida kasutatakse isolatsioonimaterjalina. Soon after came polyvinyl chloride, or vinyl, which was flexible yet hardy.

2:29 Acrylics created transparent, shatter-proof panels that mimicked glass. And in the 1930s nylon took centre stage—a polymer designed to mimic silk, but with many times its strength.

2:42 Starting in 1933, polyethylene became one of the most versatile plastics, still used today to make everything from grocery bags, to shampoo bottles, to bulletproof vests.

2:56 New manufacturing technologies accompanied this explosion of materials plahvatusliku uute materjalide leiutamisega koos tekkisid ka uued tootmistehnoloogiad. The invention of a technique called injection-moulding survavaluks nimetatav tehnoloogia made it possible to insert melted plastics into molds of any shape võimaldas anda vedelale plastikule mistahes kuju, where they would rapidly harden. This created possibilities for products sai toota in new varieties and shapes mitmesuguses uues vormis ja uuel kujul—and a way to inexpensively and rapidly produce plastics at scale sellises mõõdus nagu parajasti vaja.

3:20 Scientists hoped this economical new material would make items that once had been unaffordable accessible to more people loodeti, et paljud seni kalliks peetud tooted muutuvad odavamaks (ja rohkematele inimestele kättesaadavamaks). Instead, plastics were pushed into service in World War Two Selle asemel hakati plasti tootma hoopis 2. maailmasõja tarbeks. During the war, plastic production in the United States quadrupled. Soldiers wore new plastic helmet liners and water-resistant vinyl raincoats. Pilots sat in cockpits made of plexiglass, a shatterproof plastic, and relied on parachutes made of resilient nylon.

3:52 Afterwards, plastic manufacturing companies that had sprung up olid tekkinud during wartime turned their attention to consumer products. Plastics began to replace other materials like wood, glass, and fabric in furniture, clothing, shoes, televisions, and radios.

4:09 Versatile plastics opened up possibilities for packaging—mainly designed to keep food and other products fresh for longer. Suddenly, there were plastic garbage bags, stretchy plastic wrap, squeezable plastic bottles, takeaway cartons, and plastic containers for fruit, vegetables, and meat.

4:30 Within just a few decades läks vaid mõnikümmend aastat, this multifaceted mitmeti kasutatav material ushered in juhatas sisse,st sellest sai alguse what became known as the "plastics century." While the plastics century brought convenience and cost-effectiveness, it also created staggering ohutud, jalustrabavad environmental problems. Many plastics are made of nonrenewable resources. And plastic packaging was designed to be single-use, but some plastics take centuries to decompose, creating a huge build up of waste jäätmed kuhjuvad.

4:59 This century we'll have to concentrate our innovations on addressing those problems—by reducing plastic use plasti kasutamise vähendamine, developing biodegradable biolagunev plastics, and finding new ways to recycle uuesti ringlusse võtta existing plastic.